Today we live in that universe where every force takes its own action. So far, we have four known fundamental forces, 1.Electromagnetic force, 2.Gravitational Force, 3.Weak force and 4. Strong force. All the forces were created after the Big Bang. But the interesting fact is that the forces were not created independently after the Big Bang rather than they all diverge from a single unified force and perhaps the string theory is one of the most powerful frameworks that describe every fundamental feature on which our universe works.
The first successful attempt to unify two different forces was achieved by James Clark Maxwell in 1865. He showed that the electric and magnetic force could be unified into a single unified theory, Electromagnetic theory. Later Albert Einstein tried to unify gravitational force and electromagnetic force but unfortunately, he had not succeeded and in the late 1960’s Glasshow, Salam and Weinberg gave a model that unified the electromagnetic and weak force called Electroweak force.
String theory was first studied in the late 1960s. Now what String theory basically says that if we could examine any particle-like electrons, protons with a very high precision we would find that the particles are not pointlike but rather a one-dimensional loop like an infinitely tiny rubber band called a string.
Each particle contains strings with different vibrations. The different vibrations of strings create different particles like a string of guitar that every different vibration of the string attached to the guitar produce different nodes. The first version of string theory was Bosonic string theory, which described only the force carrier particles called bosons like photons that carries electromagnetic force. Later around 1971 bosonic string theory evolved into superstring theory with a connection called supersymmetry between bosons and fermions(which creates mass like protons, neutrons). Alongside that string theory predicts a number of extra dimensions.
This fascinating structure of the theory perhaps takes a very gigantic footstep towards the unification or the theory of everything.
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